Brumation is a period of dormancy similar to hibernation that many temperate reptile species undergo in response to shorter daylight hours and cooler temperatures. Bearded dragons, box turtles, and some colubrid snakes are common pets that brumate, while tropical species like crested geckos generally do not.

Before allowing brumation, have a reptile veterinarian perform a fecal exam and general health check. Parasites or infections that an active immune system keeps in check can become dangerous when metabolism slows. Only healthy, well-established animals with adequate fat reserves should brumate.

To initiate brumation at home, gradually reduce the photoperiod over two to three weeks, dropping from the usual twelve to fourteen hours of light down to eight or nine. Simultaneously lower basking and ambient temperatures by a few degrees every few days until you reach the target cool range for your species, often the mid-50s to low 60s Fahrenheit for many North American and Australian species.

Stop offering food once temperatures drop below the threshold for proper digestion, usually around 65 Fahrenheit for bearded dragons. Undigested food can rot in the gut and cause fatal infections. Continue offering fresh water, as dehydration is the biggest risk during brumation. Periodic lukewarm soaks help maintain hydration.

Monitor weight weekly using a digital gram scale. A loss exceeding ten percent of pre-brumation weight warrants waking the animal and consulting your vet. Also watch for labored breathing, sunken eyes, or foul odors.

Brumation typically lasts four to twelve weeks. To bring the animal out, reverse the process: gradually raise temperatures and photoperiod, then offer small meals once basking heat is fully restored. Many keepers find that a successful brumation cycle improves breeding response and overall vitality the following spring.