Diabetes mellitus is increasingly common in cats, particularly in overweight and older cats. With proper management, diabetic cats can live excellent quality lives.

Understanding Feline Diabetes

Diabetes occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or the body becomes resistant to insulin’s effects. Insulin is necessary for cells to use glucose for energy.

Type 2 diabetes is most common in cats, similar to human type 2 diabetes. It’s strongly associated with obesity and can sometimes be reversed with weight loss and dietary changes.

Risk Factors

Obesity is the primary risk factor. Overweight cats are four times more likely to develop diabetes. Age is also a factor - most diabetic cats are over 7 years old. Physical inactivity and diets high in carbohydrates contribute to risk.

Recognizing Symptoms

Early signs include: increased thirst and urination, increased appetite with weight loss, lethargy, and poor hair coat.

As diabetes progresses, symptoms may include: vomiting, diarrhea, weakness in rear legs (diabetic neuropathy), and cataract formation.

Diagnosis

Your veterinarian will perform: blood glucose testing, fructosamine test (measures average blood sugar over 2-3 weeks), urinalysis to check for glucose in urine, and rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

Insulin Administration

Most diabetic cats require insulin injections twice daily, roughly 12 hours apart. The injections are given under the skin using a tiny needle and most cats tolerate them well.

Proper handling of insulin includes gentle mixing, using U-40 syringes for most cat insulins, and following storage instructions.

Home Monitoring

Monitor for: water consumption and urination frequency, appetite and energy level, signs of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) including weakness, trembling, and seizures.

At-home glucose monitoring can be done with ear or paw pad testing.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a serious complication of insulin overdose. Signs include wobbliness, disorientation, extreme lethargy, and seizures.

If you suspect hypoglycemia, apply something sweet like honey or syrup to the gums and contact your veterinarian immediately.

Dietary Management

Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets help regulate blood glucose. Wet food is preferred over dry. Consistent feeding times help coordinate with insulin administration.

Some diabetic cats go into remission with proper diet and insulin therapy, meaning they no longer require insulin.

Quality of Life

With proper management, diabetic cats can live normal, happy lives. The key is establishing a consistent routine and working closely with your veterinarian.

Veterinary Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice.