Kennel cough, formally known as canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC), is a highly contagious respiratory infection that affects dogs. While usually mild, it can progress to pneumonia in some cases.

What Causes Kennel Cough?

Kennel cough is caused by multiple pathogens acting together. Common culprits include Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, and canine influenza virus.

How It Spreads

The infection spreads through airborne droplets when infected dogs cough or sneeze. Close contact in settings like kennels, dog parks, grooming facilities, and training classes facilitates transmission.

Symptoms

The classic sign is a persistent dry, hacking cough that sounds like something is stuck in the throat. Other symptoms include retching or gagging after coughing, runny nose, sneezing, mild fever, and decreased energy.

Most dogs remain alert and maintain appetite, distinguishing kennel cough from more serious conditions.

Diagnosis

Veterinarians typically diagnose based on clinical signs and exposure history. Diagnostic tests may include PCR testing to identify specific pathogens, chest X-rays to rule out pneumonia, and blood work to assess overall health.

Treatment

For uncomplicated cases, treatment focuses on supportive care: rest, avoiding collar pressure that triggers coughing, using a harness instead, and humidifying the air.

Antibiotics may be prescribed for secondary bacterial infections. Cough suppressants provide relief in some cases.

Prevention

Vaccination is the primary prevention strategy. Options include intranasal vaccines that provide faster protection and injectable vaccines that may offer longer duration.

Dogs regularly exposed to other dogs in group settings should be vaccinated. Boosters are typically required annually or every six months depending on risk.

When to See a Veterinarian

Seek veterinary care if your dog has difficulty breathing, stops eating or drinking, shows lethargy beyond mild decrease in activity, has a fever over 103 degrees, or symptoms don’t improve after a week.

Puppies, senior dogs, and dogs with compromised immune systems are at higher risk for complications.

Veterinary Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice.